Detecting Vital Documents in Massive Data Streams

Existing knowledge bases, includingWikipedia, are typically written and maintained by a group of voluntary editors. Meanwhile, numerous web documents are being published partly due to the popularization of online news and social media. Some of the web documents, called "vital documents", contain novel information that should be taken into account in updating articles of the knowledge bases. However, it is practically impossible for the editors to manually monitor all the relevant web documents. Consequently, there is a considerable time lag between an edit to knowledge base and the publication dates of such vital documents. This paper proposes a realtime detection framework of web documents containing novel information flowing in massive document streams. The framework consists of twostep filter using statistical language models. Further, the framework is implemented on the distributed and faulttolerant realtime computation system, Apache Storm, in order to process the large number of web documents. On a publicly available web document data set, the TREC KBA Stream Corpus, the validity of the proposed framework is demonstrated in terms of the detection performance and processing time

Effect of Rayleigh Wave on Ultrasonic Underground Imaging

AbstractIn order to acquire image with higher resolution and less error for detecting underground objects, a three dimensional ultrasonic underground imaging technique using an electromagnetic-induction type sound source and an amplitude correlation synthesis processing (ACSP) method has been proposed in our previous work. Depending on the conditions of the ground surface, Rayleigh waves propagating along the surface directly may be received with significant amplitude by the receiver array. That will cause interference with the reflect signal of the underground objects and will bring forth error images to the imaging result. In this paper, the Rayleigh wave with comparatively high amplitude is measured experimentally in a model field filled with mountain sands, and its waveform is estimated and simulated approximately by an exponentially decaying sinusoidal wave. The effect on the image of underground object is discussed by synthesizing the received signal with the modeled Rayleigh wave with various relative amplitudes. The result images calculated by ACSP method show that the effect of Rayleigh wave is not marked when its peak amplitude is not greater than that of the signal reflected from the underground object

Potential value of saline-induced Pd/Pa ratio in patients with coronary artery stenosis

BackgroundFractional flow reserve (FFR) is the current gold standard for identifying myocardial ischemia in individuals with coronary artery stenosis. However, FFR is not penetrated as much worldwide due to time consumption, costs associated with adenosine, FFR-related discomfort, and complications. Resting physiological indexes may be widely accepted alternatives to FFR, while the discrepancies with FFR were found in up to 20% of lesions. The saline-induced Pd/Pa ratio (SPR) is a new simplified option for evaluating coronary stenosis. However, the clinical implication of SPR remains unclear.ObjectivesIn the present study, we aimed to compare the accuracies of SPR and resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) and to investigate the incremental value of SPR in clinical practice.MethodsIn this multicenter prospective study, 112 coronary lesions (105 patients) were evaluated by SPR, RFR, and FFR.ResultsThe overall median age was 71 years, and 84.8% were men. SPR was correlated more strongly with FFR than with RFR (r = 0.874 vs. 0.713, respectively; p < 0.001). Using FFR < 0.80 as the reference standard variable, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for SPR was superior to that of RFR (0.932 vs. 0.840, respectively; p = 0.009).ConclusionSaline-induced Pd/Pa ratio predicted FFR more accurately than RFR. SPR could be an alternative method for evaluating coronary artery stenosis and further investigation including elucidation of the mechanism of SPR is needed (225 words)

A pristine record of outer Solar System materials from asteroid Ryugu’s returned sample

Volatile and organic-rich C-type asteroids may have been one of the main sources of Earth’s water. Our best insight into their chemistry is currently provided by carbonaceous chondritic meteorites, but the meteorite record is biased: only the strongest types survive atmospheric entry and are then modified by interaction with the terrestrial environment. Here we present the results of a detailed bulk and microanalytical study of pristine Ryugu particles, brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Ryugu particles display a close compositional match with the chemically unfractionated, but aqueously altered, CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, which are widely used as a proxy for the bulk Solar System composition. The sample shows an intricate spatial relationship between aliphatic-rich organics and phyllosilicates and indicates maximum temperatures of ~30 °C during aqueous alteration. We find that heavy hydrogen and nitrogen abundances are consistent with an outer Solar System origin. Ryugu particles are the most uncontaminated and unfractionated extraterrestrial materials studied so far, and provide the best available match to the bulk Solar System composition

Mitochondrial maturation in the trophectoderm and inner cell mass regions of bovine blastocysts

Cellular differentiation induces various morphological changes, including elongation, in mitochondria. Preimplantation embryos have round-shaped mitochondria, characteristic of undifferentiated cells. However, there is controversy regarding the precise mitochondrial morphology in blastocyst embryos, which are generated from two cell lineages: undifferentiated inner cell mass (ICM) and differentiated trophectoderm (TE). This study attempted to precisely determine mitochondrial morphology in these two blastocyst regions. Transmission electron microscopy analyses were conducted using more than 1000 mitochondria from blastocyst embryos. No significant differences were observed in the configuration of mitochondrial cristae and frequencies of hooded mitochondria, which are specific to embryos of livestock animals, between the ICM and TE. To accurately compare mitochondrial roundness between the ICM and TE, oblateness was calculated based on both the major and minor axes. Average oblateness was significantly greater in the TE than in the ICM (P < 0.01). These results indicate tissue-specific mitochondrial maturation with complete elongation in the TE at the blastocyst stage. Since mitochondrial elongation is closely associated with cellular metabolism and differentia-tion, the present study provides new insights for better understanding of early embryonic develop-ment in cattle. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Requirement for expression of WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 in bovine trophectoderm development

WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1) is one of the primary effectors in the Hippo pathway, which plays essential roles in cell differentiation into trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass cell lineages at the blastocyst stage. However, little is known about the roles of WWTR1 in preimplantation development. The present study aimed to explore the significance of WWTR1 expression in preimplantation development using an mRNA knockdown (KD) system in bovine embryos. We first quantitated WWTR1 expression at protein and mRNA levels from fertilization to blastocyst stage. WWTR1 proteins gradually shifted from extranuclear localization during the 16-cell stage to nuclear localization by morula stage. WWTR1 mRNA expression was also transiently upregulated at the 16-cell stage. WWTR1 KD efficiently repressed WWTR1 expression at protein and mRNA levels. The WWTR1 KD embryos developed to the blastocyst stage at rates equivalent to those of controls, but TE cell numbers were significantly decreased. Representative TE-expressed genes, including CDX2 and IFNT were also significantly decreased in WWTR1 KD blastocysts. These results provide the first demonstration that WWTR1 expression is responsible for normal TE cell development in preimplantation embryos. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved